今天，许多人花时间学习英语作为第二语言。在旅行中学习英语，找一份新工作，在网上与人交谈，对你个人和职业都有帮助。它可以增加职业机会，帮助你与世界各地的人建立联系。

要理解英语和流利地说英语，我们需要两套基本的知识：词汇和语法。虽然词汇似乎更为重要，但语法在构造有意义的句子和理解句子方面是至关重要的。时态是我们在听、说、读、写中表达自己时需要了解的语法规则之一。

Tenses in English 英语时态

和土耳其语一样，有三种基本时态：过去时态、现在时态和将来时态。这三种时间时态通过各自的分支形成不同的时间时态。例如，我们用过去一般时态表示过去完成和完成的动作，而用过去进行时态来描述当时正在进行的某些过去动作。尽管我们把这两种时态都称为过去时态，它们发生在过去，但由于它们的意义不同，我们用不同的时态来描述它们。

Past Continuous Tense 过去时

如例子所述，过去进行时是我们在描述某个时间段内正在进行的一个动作时使用的时态。我们可以举一些例子，比如““I was coming 我来了”,“ You were doing 你在做”,“ We ​were going 我们要去”，在土耳其语中我们称之为“geçmişzamanın hikayesi”。句子结构基本上是这样的：我们使用过去式助动词was，were，并在动词上加上后缀“-ing”。我们可以用““I was going 我要去”, “We were doing 我们在做”来举例说明。为过去进行时创建一个表格，如下所示，有助于学习如何以及在何处使用这种时态。

Positive Sentence (+) Negative Sentence (-) Question Sentence (?)

I was going. I wasn’t going. Was I going?

You were going. You weren’t going. Were you going?

He was going. He wasn’t going. Was he going?

She was going. She wasn’t going. Was she going?

It was going. It wasn’t going. Was it going?

We were going. We werent going. Were we going?

They were going. They weren’t going. Were they going?

Usage of Past Continuous Tense 过去进行时的用法Actions that we took at a specific time in the past 我们在过去特定时间采取的行动

我们用过去进行时来形容过去某个特定时间发生的动作。与过去一般时态不同，当使用进行时态时，我们强调动作而不是时间。为了理解两者的区别，我们可以举以下例子：

Last night at 8 pm, I was doing my homework. (I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night.)

Last night at 8 pm, I did my homework. (I did my homework at 8 pm last night and finished.)

在这些例子中，当我们使用过去进行式时，我们强调昨晚8点做作业，重要的是动作本身。我们本可以在8点开始做作业，也可以在8点之前开始；这并不重要。重要的是，作业在8点钟仍在进行。然而，当我们使用过去时时，我们在8点完成了作业。

Unfinished, interrupted actions in the past 过去未完成、中断的行动

我们用过去进行时态来描述在过去发生的、以某种方式被打断的行为。这个进行中的动作通常被另一个动作打断，为此，我们用一般过去时。例如：

I was doing my homework when my mother called me. (Annem beni çağırdığında ödevimi yapıyordum.)

She was playing basketball when she hurt her leg. (Ayağını incittiğinde basketbol oynuyordu.)

正如我们所展示的另一个动作所打断的动作。在这种情况下，我们用过去进行时态来表示或解释被打断的动作。

Parallel actions in the past 过去的平行动作

在过去，我们用过去进行时来表达同样的动作。换言之，如果我们在同一个句子中使用两个动作进行过去时，我们可以看到两个动作同时进行。例如：

I was cleaning my room while my mother was making dinner. (Annem yemek yaparken ben de odamı temizliyordum.)

They were eating, talking and laughing. (Yiyorlar, konuşuyorlar ve gülüyorlardı.)

如你所见，我们可以用过去进行时态来表达同时发生的动作。我们可以用两个不同的人做不同的动作，或者两个不同的人做同样的动作。

Depiction of past events 对过去事件的描述

在英语讲故事时，我们经常用过去进行时态来描述一系列的事件或过去的气氛。在下面的段落中，你可以看到如何使用这种时态：

When I walked into the cafe, Ahmet and Mehmet were talking. Kemal was chatting to the waiter. Ayşe and Ali were flirting with each other and Zeynep was telling her friends one of her stories about her career. The cafe was smelling of freshly baked cake and coffee. (Kafeye girdiğimde ‌Ahmet ve Mehmet konuşuyorlardı. Kemal garson ile sohbet ediyordu. Ayşe ve Ali birbirleriyle flört ediyor ve ‌Zeynep arkadaşlarına kariyeriyle alakalı hikayelerinden birini anlatıyordu. Kafe yeni pişmiş kek ve kahve kokuyordu.)

Expressing complaints in the past 表达过去的抱怨

我们也用过去进行时态来描述那些在过去反复发生并且常常让人不舒服的事件。我们用它来辅助词，如“Always 总是”或“constantly 不断”来强调我们的抱怨。

He was always coming late for meetings. (Her zaman toplantılara geç geliyordu.)

I was constantly missing my bus. (Otobüsümü hep kaçırıyordum.)

这就是我们一般使用过去进行时态的方法。当语法规则像本文所描述的那样，用一种更简单、更清楚的方式来学习英语就变得非常容易了。通过例句，用同一个句子，用不同的主语，以肯定的、否定的或疑问的形式使用，有助于理解。但最重要的是在学习完信息后，不管经过多少时间，都要记住。你可以通过不断的练习来达到这个目的。

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